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UCSF study will test new vaginal microbicide for herpes and HIV

November 30, 2006

(Media-Newswire.com) - If it is effective and approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the gel would be an important weapon in the fight against HIV because it would allow women to protect themselves from infection rather than relying on their partners to use condoms.

“The significance of the gel is that it potentially gives the power back to the woman to protect herself against infection,� said Anna-Barbara Moscicki, MD, professor of pediatrics at UCSF and lead investigator for the study.

The gel is not a contraceptive, but a microbicide. Microbicidal gels or creams are inserted into the vagina solely to prevent the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. There are currently no such products on the market. Women who have herpes are at increased risk of contracting HIV, so diminishing the risk of getting herpes also diminishes the risk of HIV infection.

The generic name of the gel is “3 % w/w SPL7013� ( brand name VivaGel ). Following this safety trial, other trials will be conducted to determine its effectiveness at fighting off herpes and HIV infection. But Moscicki said that trials in animals have found the gel to be nearly 100 percent effective and have few side effects.

“There has been an important move supported by the National Institutes of Health and World Health Organization to support the development of vaginal microbicides,� said Moscicki, who also is the director of Teen Clinics in the Division of Adolescent Medicine at UCSF Children’s Hospital. “Herpes infection is the number one attributable cause of HIV infection in the United States and worldwide.�

The gel is designed to prevent herpes and HIV infection through the use of a molecule called a dendrimer. Dendrimers have molecular structures that resemble the branches of a tree. The herpes and HIV molecules are “caught� in the dendrimer branches and prevented from entering and infecting human cells, Moscicki said.

To participate in the study, women must be between 18 and 24 years old, sexually active, healthy and free of any sexually transmitted disease. They cannot be pregnant or breast feeding. They must either have regular menstrual periods or not have them at all.

Moscicki said that the safety trial is important because earlier spermicidal microbicides like nonoxynol 9, which was an ingredient in a variety of contraceptive products from condoms to contraceptive creams and gels, was eventually found to increase rather than decrease HIV infection rates.

“Nonoxynol 9 was used commonly and was thought to be an extremely safe type of anti-microbial spermicide. But researchers found that it actually increased the rate of HIV infection in women. So now we realize that we must approach new microbicides a little more carefully,� Moscicki said.

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According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, women account for more than one quarter of all new HIV/AIDS diagnoses. Women of color are especially affected by HIV infection and AIDS. In 2002, the most recent year for which data are available, HIV infection was the leading cause of death for African American women aged 25 to 34 years. It was the third leading cause of death for African American women aged 35 to 44 years and the fourth leading cause of death for African American women aged 45–54 years and for Hispanic women aged 35 to 44.

In the same year, HIV infection was the fifth leading cause of death among all women aged 35 to 44 and the sixth leading cause of death among all women aged 25 to 34. The only diseases causing more deaths of women were a variety of different types of cancer and heart disease.

Moscicki said that if the gel is approved by the FDA, women would use it about an hour before having intercourse. “If a woman has occasional sex it could be several times a month. If she were a sex worker it could be several times a day,� she said.

The study is being conducted in collaboration with the gel’s manufacturer, Starpharma Holdings, Ltd., of Melbourne, Australia, and is being underwritten by the Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinical Trials Group, which is funded in part by NIH and CDC.

Development of the gel has been given fast-track status by the FDA. Fast track status is granted when a drug has the potential to treat a serious or life-threatening condition and demonstrates the potential to address unmet medical needs for that condition.

One of the nation’s top children’s hospitals, UCSF Children’s Hospital creates an environment where children and their families find compassionate care at the healing edge of scientific discovery, with more than 150 experts in 50 medical specialties serving patients throughout Northern California and beyond.

UCSF is a leading university that advances health worldwide by conducting advanced biomedical research, educating graduate students in the life sciences and health professions, and providing complex patient care.

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Biota and Boehringer Ingelheim Complete US$102 Million License for HCV Program

November 28, 2006

MELBOURNE, Australia, Nov. 27 /PRNewswire/ — Biota Holdings Limited announced today that they have entered into a worldwide research collaboration and licensing agreement with Boehringer Ingelheim to develop and commercialize Biota’s novel nucleoside analogues designed to treat Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections and potentially other diseases.

Under the terms of the agreement, Biota is eligible to receive payments up to US$102 million based on products achieving certain clinical, regulatory and commercialization milestones, including an initial technology access fee and research support. In addition, Biota would receive royalties on future sales of licensed products marketed by Boehringer Ingelheim. Specific terms of the agreement were not disclosed.

“Today’s agreement with Boehringer Ingelheim is further validation of Biota’s antiviral drug discovery capabilities and our ability to consistently deliver valuable candidates to global pharmaceutical companies,” said Peter Cook, Biota’s Chief Executive Officer. “We are delighted to be working with Boehringer Ingelheim, a premier pharmaceutical company, who is internationally recognized as one of the world leaders in the research and development of antiviral therapeutics.” Both companies reiterated the importance of this agreement as a joint effort to come one step closer to a potential treatment for HCV infections for which there is a large unmet medical need due to the limited treatment options available.

Under the terms of the agreement, Biota is responsible for drug discovery research and Boehringer Ingelheim is responsible for worldwide development of potential compounds and their commercialization. Biota and Boehringer Ingelheim will be equally represented on the Joint Research Committee to oversee and coordinate the activities of the program.

About Boehringer Ingelheim

The Boehringer Ingelheim group is one of the world’s 20 leading pharmaceutical companies. Headquartered in Ingelheim, Germany, it operates globally with 143 affiliates in 47 countries and approximately 37,500 employees. Since it was founded in 1885, the family-owned company has been committed to researching, developing, manufacturing and marketing novel products of high therapeutic value for human and veterinary medicine.

In 2005, Boehringer Ingelheim posted net sales of euro 9.5 billion while spending almost one fifth of net sales in its largest business segment, Prescription Medicines, on research and development.

Biota is a leading antiviral drug development company based in Melbourne, with key expertise in respiratory diseases, particularly influenza. Biota developed the first-in-class neuraminidase inhibitor, zanamivir, and subsequently marketed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) as Relenza. Relenza is currently being stockpiled by a number of national governments for defense against avian influenza. Biota receives royalties from sales of Relenza.

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Recent Biota research breakthroughs have included a series of candidate drugs aimed at Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) or bronchiolitis, subsequently licensed to MedImmune Inc. Biota has Phase I clinical trials underway with Human Rhinovirus (HRV). In addition, Biota has key partnerships with Sankyo; for the development of second generation influenza antivirals (called LANI or Long Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitors) and with Inverness Medical (Thermo Electron); Biota developed the FLU OIA(R) influenza diagnostics, currently marketed in the US.

(TM)Relenza is a registered trademark of the GlaxoSmithKline group of companies.

(R)FLU OIA & FLU OIA A/B are registered trademarks of Thermo Electron Corporation.

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that in the United States 4.1 million (1.6%) have been infected with HCV. Of these people, 3.2 million are chronically infected, 70% of whom progress to chronic liver disease. 1-5% of infected patients die as a result of HCV infection.

In the United States, the current standard of care for treating HCV patients involves a combination of an oral form of ribavirin with various forms of interferon. Current sales of such products are in excess of US$1bn per annum. There are a number of dose limiting side effects associated with the combined ribavirin/interferon therapy. There is a clear unmet need for HCV therapeutics that have high potency with an improved side effect profile.

Biota has discovered and is developing a novel class of antiviral nucleoside drugs which inhibit the HCV polymerase. HCV polymerase is an essential enzyme involved in the replication of the virus. Polymerase inhibitors are a successful class of drugs and numerous examples are on the market (eg HIV/AIDS and herpes drugs).

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Goldfish virus going undetected

November 22, 2006

Scientists have warned that an emerging viral disease is going undetected in goldfish.

Goldfish Herpes Virus (GHV) or Cyprinid Herpes Virus 2 (CyHV-2) is widespread in the US and is likely to be going undetected worldwide, experts have warned.

Keith Way, Kevin Denham and Keith Jeffrey of CEFAS presented their findings in a paper at the third OATA conference last week.

They claim that CEFAS diagnosed several outbreaks of GHV in 2004 and 2005 and believe that few people are aware of the existence of the disease:

“In 2004 and 2005, CEFAS have diagnosed several goldfish herpes virus outbreaks within the UK. These have been within aquatic centres, fish dealerships and hobbyist collections.

“Recent findings from the USA indicate that CyHV-2 is widespread within the US and likely to be an important, but rarely detected, pathogen of goldfish worldwide.”

KHV for goldfish
Cyprinid Herpes Virus 2 is to goldfish what Koi Herpes Virus (or Cyprinid Herpes Virus 3) is to Common carp.

Both viruses are members of the Herpesviridae family and both viruses are highly contagious.

Like KHV, GHV only shows its symptoms when the water temperature is within a critical range, and like KHV, GHV is believed to be highly host-specific.

The virus can affect all varieties of the goldfish, Carassius auratus, but it is not yet known whether the disease has the potential to spread to our native Crucian carp, Carassius carassius.

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GHV was first described from Japan in 1995 following outbreaks in 1992 and 1993, when at the time it was known as Herpesviral Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (HVHN).

The virus has subsequently been reclassified as CyHV-2 and has since been reported from the USA, Taiwan, Australia and the UK.

Symptoms
Affected fish become lethargic, stop eating and develop pale, patchy-looking gill necrosis. Some specimens may also develop small white blister-like pustules on the skin.

Internally, the spleen and kidneys may become pale and swollen and granular lumps and nodules may appear in the spleen.

As with most other fish diseases, the symptoms may differ between outbreaks as bacteria, fungi and parasites may also secondarily infect the fish.

As with KHV, detecting the presence of GHV presents considerable problems.

“There is currently no commercial diagnostic service available”, the experts wrote. “Diagnosis relies on a number of techniques. The standard method of isolating viruses by tissue culture is most frequently employed but has been problematical for the diagnosis of goldfish herpesvirus.

“More reliable methods for this virus are the use of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), histological techniques and electron microscope work. CEFAS are currently researching, monitoring and testing for this disease.”

Like KHV, fish that recover from the disease may continue to carry the virus and may pass it on to other goldfish.

There are currently no controls on the disease and there is no known treatment.

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Herpes shot tested in Valley

November 21, 2006

A vaccine to prevent genital herpes is being tested on Phoenix-area women.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases is partnering with pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals to test the new vaccine on about 7,500 women in more than 40 locations throughout the United States and Canada.

Called Herpevac, the vaccine is in stage-three clinical trials. In earlier trials it was found to reduce the risk of a genital herpes infection by about 75 percent, according to NIAID.

If the Food and Drug Administration approves Herpevac, ASU’s Campus Health Service would seek to build a supply as soon as possible, said Interim Director and Chief of Staff Dr. Stefanie Schroeder.

It’s exciting, she said, particularly after the human papillomavirus vaccine was approved earlier this year.

Merck and GlaxoSmithKline competed to release the HPV vaccine first, and Merck succeeded when its vaccine, called Gardasil, was approved in June.

Now, GlaxoSmithKline has a leg up with the herpes vaccine - which Merck officials say their company is not pursuing.

Approximately one in four adult women in the United States already has genital herpes, NIAID reported.

The Campus Health Service has diagnosed 43 new cases of herpes since March, Schroeder said.

Herpes is a virus, and once contracted, a patient has it for life. The only completely effective method for preventing it is abstinence, Schroeder said.

While condoms help, they are not foolproof because the virus can live in the skin surrounding the genital region in addition to on the genitals, Schroeder said.

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Herpes is usually treated by an antiviral oral medication called Valtrex, which is also produced by GlaxoSmithKline.

Now, the company is recruiting women to participate in Herpevac trials. Their recruiting efforts included ads posted on facebook.com in October.

The vaccine is being tested at three facilities in the Phoenix metropolitan area.

To participate in the clinical trials, women must first go through a blood screening to confirm they do not already have the herpes virus.

While there are risks to participating in clinical trials, they are relatively minor, Schroeder said.

“Once it goes to human trials, the risk is very small,” she said. “Most of the big bugs have been worked out, but you’re still taking a risk.”

For Rosie Servis, an English literature sophomore, the cause was worth the risk.

Servis participated in Herpevac trials about four years ago.

She received the shot three times over a period of about a year, and in the end had no complications.

The vaccine was successful, Servis said, and she recommends other women participate as well.

“Anything that can help protect women, I think is very positive,” she said.

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Businesses make a living cleaning up death scenes, while families bear financial burden

November 20, 2006

The man had given it to his girlfriend, it seemed, and she had given it back.

# Personal protective gear: A nonporous, disposable suit; gloves; filtered respirators and chemical-spill boots.

# Biohazard waste containers: Heavy-duty bags and sealed, hard-plastic containers.

# Traditional cleaning supplies: Mops, buckets, spray bottles, sponges, brushes, etc.

# Ozone machine, to removes odors.

# Fogger, to thicken the cleaning chemical, enabling it to reach tight places such as air ducts, usually to remove odor.

# Hospital-type disinfectants, such as bleach and hydrogen peroxide.

# Industrial-strength deodorizers.

# Enzyme solvent, to kill bacteria and viruses and to liquefy dried blood.

# Heavy-duty sprayer, long scrubbing brush, wet vacuum and more, to clean blood-coated surfaces from a safe distance.

# Razor blades, to cut out stained portions of carpet.

# Shovels.

# Chemical treatment tank, to disinfect and store matter removed by vacuum cleaners.

# Carpentry/restoration tools, such as sledgehammers, saws, spackle, paint brushes.

# Ladders.

# Camera, to take before-and-after shots for insurance companies.

# Van or truck for hauling waste to disposal site or waste management company.

Sources: Trauma Clean, howstuffworks.com.

“That may be why he killed himself,” Fuson says. “I gave it to his mother.”

In her line of work, she has come across 100 such stories - some with plots she never unearthed. But, for each story, the ending is the same: The hero dies.

Violently, alone, or both.

As a crime-scene cleaner, Fuson is called in to erase the stains of violence, if not the loneliness.

Operating out of her home in Florence, she calls her business Trauma Clean.

In death scenes, cops, coroners and funeral directors manage the trauma. But the cleaning is not their job.

Mostly, that falls to the people left behind - family, church members, friends.

“In a lot of cases, the family doesn’t know they’re going to have to pay for it,” says Marilyn Reed of Tupelo, a coordinator of the victim’s assistance program in the district attorney’s office of the 1st Judicial District.

“Why should they? They didn’t ask to be victims.”

It’s not a job for just anyone, says Carolyn Gillentine, Lee County coroner.

“You’re talking about biohazardous material. Blood.”

Things that can sicken the people left behind - physically and emotionally.

It may not sound like work suited to a single mother, but Fuson, 34, also works part-time as an assistant medical examiner; she assists in autopsies.

Two years ago she started Trauma Clean, and received certification in crime-scene cleanup. Her gear includes a one-time-use jumpsuit, a respirator mask that turns her face into a giant insect’s, and a chemical sprayer.

It looks familiar: “Ghost Busters,” a visitor says, describing the ensemble.

And it’s necessary, says Fuson, who makes it a point to follow federal OSHA regulations. “No law in Mississippi says a certified person must do this,” she says.

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But the question, at least from those with weak stomachs, is why would anyone want to do this?

Fuson ducks her head, as if searching under a chair for a clue. “I wish I could say I had a great story,” she says with a thin smile. “It’s just that I knew there was a need to do this the right way.

“And you’re glad you’re helping the family, so they don’t have to come in here and see this. I’d be glad for the help, if something like that ever happened to me.”

Dealing with death is not the life for everyone, but there are rewards.

A small job starts at around $750, Fuson says. The average price: a couple thousand. For jobs that take days to finish: up to $10,000.

“It’s the cost of materials, and our time,” Fuson says.

It’s the nature of bodily fluids. They seep into everything. Fuson and her crew have to cut out sections of walls, carpets, floors.

Often, furniture is thrown away. All refuse goes to a medical-waste disposal company.

“You don’t want to throw all that blood in a Dumpster,” Fuson says. “You don’t know what’s in it.”

The good news - if that term can be used here - is that homeowner’s, business or auto insurance often will help pay for the cleanup.

“And we’ll work with a family if they don’t have enough money,” Fuson says.

In violent crimes, families can get up to $500, via the state Attorney General’s victim’s assistance program.

“But that’s a drop in the bucket,” Marilyn Reed says.

It’s a fairly new bucket: As a business, crime-scene cleanup started in the 1980s, reports the American Bio-Recovery Association.

Few people are in that business here. In the Jackson area, Regina Meadors knows of two. As the victim’s assistance coordinator for the Hinds County Sheriff’s Department, she often helps families find them.

“Without proper chemicals, you can be left with odor, and stains,” Meadors says. “Companies that specialize in crime-scene cleanup can get rid of this.”

Besides Trauma Clean, Meadors says, there is a Servicemaster franchise run by ex-police officer Chad Bath.

When contacted, Bath says, “I did it occasionally, but not anymore. It’s the cost involved, and you feel bad to have to charge for it.”

Fuson considers it a service, one that few people can handle. It’s not just the traces of death. It’s the traces of a life: “We find checks, wallets, keys, deeds to homes,” says Fuson, who employs three or four technicians. “Pictures of a man’s children on the walls.”

They find knives, bullets, suicide letters. And things that relatives ask Fuson to get rid of “before his mother sees them.”

They find blood - often the blood of suicide. But Fuson has faced her share of murder scenes and, sometimes, worst of all, “decomp”: decomposition.

Another euphemism is “unattended death.” That was the case with an elderly man found on his couch in a Mississippi Regional Housing Authority unit. He lived alone, and died that way.

Judy Pinson, the RHA executive director in Newton, called Fuson. “She came the next day and finished within a few hours,” Pinson says. “I was very pleased, if you can say you’re pleased with that kind of service.”

While delivering that service, Fuson often imagines the life that was wasted, especially in suicides: “I don’t let it affect me so that I cry, but I do think it’s sad.

“You catch yourself wondering, ‘This poor kid, why did he want to kill himself?’ ”

Bill Reed, a Trauma Clean technician and Fuson’s colleague in the medical examiner’s office, says his work has made him philosophical.

“I’ve pretty much seen everything but God,” says Reed, 35. “So I don’t get emotional. But it does make you appreciate life more. In dealing with death, you do things to bring meaning to your life.”

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CHILDHOOD SKIN INFECTIONS ON THE RISE

November 14, 2006

(HealthNewsDigest.com).. New York, NY, November 2006 – As they return to the routines of school, sports and activities, some parents are noticing that their children are bringing home not just their spelling tests and soccer cleats, but also a rash of skin infections. In fact, the American Academy of Dermatology notes that many childhood skin infections are on the rise, and can cause serious health issues in youngsters if they are not diagnosed and treated quickly and properly.

“While most of us are likely to provide quick and comprehensive treatment to a child who’s developed a fever or a stomach bug, there is a temptation to think of skin infections as superficial conditions that will clear up on their own in time,� explains Joshua Fox, MD, a leading NY dermatologist and founder of Advanced Dermatology. “While this is indeed sometimes the case, the vast majority of skin infections do require treatment in order to lessen the discomfort or side effects this may cause, reduce the chance of giving the infection to others, and eliminate the possibility of the infection spreading to internal organs and causing more serious health issues,� Dr. Fox adds. Many common skin infections, including ringworm, molluscum contagiosum, warts and impetigo, are on the rise – affecting 10%-15% of school-aged children each year or more. In addition, herpes – a diagnosis that often surprises many parents – is also becoming more prevalent among children today.

“Part of the reason that skin infections are becoming more common is that the environments in which these organisms thrive are the very places where children go every day,� Dr. Fox notes. Warm, damp places like locker rooms and shower stalls are prime breeding grounds for fungi, viruses and bacteria, while sharing common desks and classroom materials in school – or hairbrushes, towels, practice jerseys and equipment during sports activities – can pass infections easily between children.

Dr. Fox provides the following details on the causes, symptoms, recommended treatments and prevention strategies for five common children’s skin ailments:

Impetigo is the term for a scrape or a cut – which can be large and visible or too small even to see – that has become infected by a streptococcus or staphylococcus bacteria, causing small blisters that can burst or crust over. Staph and strep bacteria are easily transmitted from person to person, or by coming into contact with surfaces that are contaminated with them, so frequent handwashing and cleansing of common areas like sinks, desks, etc. can stem the transmission of infection. However, treatment is critical to resolve the infection once it is contracted. “Any sign of an infection in a cut or scrape, including a yellow crusting or pus oozing from the affected area, should be brought to the attention of a physician immediately and treated with topical or oral antibiotics� Dr. Fox advises. That’s because the staph bacteria that can cause impetigo is also implicated in MRSA, an antibiotic-resistant skin infection that can spread to internal organs and cause serious health problems in children.

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Ringworm, also known as Tinea, is not in fact caused by a worm, but rather by a dermatophyte fungus (similar to the one that causes Athlete’s Foot). It can appear on the torso as a small, round, rough and scaly patch of skin, or on the scalp (Tinea capitis). “Children often get ringworm from handling pets that are infected or from sharing hairbrushes or combs,� Dr. Fox notes, “So preventing this fungal infection involves washing hands before and after handling pets, and providing each family member with his or own hairbrush or comb and never sharing.� Dr. Fox also adds, “Ringworm is highly contagious, and some children and adults can be carriers of the organism – able to transmit the condition even if they don’t develop it,� Dr. Fox explains. Ringworm can be treated with over-the-counter antifungal creams, but treatment is different for scalp infection. “Any signs of ringworm should be checked out by a dermatologist, and other family members or pets in the household should be tested if a child develops the infection,� Dr. Fox adds.

Molluscum Contagiosum is a pox-virus infection that causes small, round, waxy raised bumps to appear, usually on the torso, buttocks, lower belly or thighs. “Molluscum is a virus that loves warm, wet places and is easily spread through skin-to-skin contact,� Dr. Fox advises. As a result, many children contract it at swimming pools or playing contact sports, and so Dr. Fox recommends children never share towels or equipment, and always wash thoroughly before and after swimming or other sports. Dr. Fox adds, “While molluscum growths rarely hurt or itch, young children tend to scratch or pick at anything abnormal on the skin, which can cause further infection and scarring.� What’s more, molluscum can spread uncontrollably and can take up to two years to resolve on their own. Some methods to remove the molluscum are painful, so most pediatric dermatologists recommend a topical prescription to eradicate them.

Warts are the result of a virus that has entered the skin and taken up residence in its outer layer, causing a thickening or lump in the skin, most often on the hands or feet. “Warts can become painful and unsightly, and can take a long time to resolve as well, and so many dermatologists will remove them with topical salicylic acid or, if the wart is in a sensitive area like on the face or in the mouth, with cryosurgery or excision Dr. Fox explains. Herpes is a diagnosis that shocks many parents, but the type of herpes virus that is common among children is Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), which most often causes cold sores around or within the mouth. “Unfortunately, there is no cure for the herpes virus, so children should take extra care in preventing it by avoiding sharing eating utensils or engaging in any mouth-to-mouth contact with other children,� Dr. Fox notes. Although HSV-1 is not curable, there are a couple of prescription creams that can shorten the duration and lessen the pain of an outbreak.

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Monmouth vet averts a more serious crisis

November 1, 2006

Imagine if you owned a business and 20 to 30 percent of your work force called in sick one day, out of the blue. Imagine if you found out after the initial shock that 90 percent of those workers weren’t really sick at all, that they were just staying home to be on the safe side.

Now you know what it must feel like to try to run a racetrack during an outbreak of equine herpes in your own backyard. Now you know how a 10-horse field at the Meadowlands can be reduced to a race with two horses competing against each other so that one might return $2.10 on a $2 bet.

This is one way to look at the recent quarantine situation at Monmouth Park, where about 1,100 horses are stabled.

The racetrack operators understand, of course. Equine herpesvirus, which may sound benign enough, can actually kill a horse. We’re not talking cold sores. Three infected horses had to be put down in Maryland over the winter, for example.

There have been outbreaks in Kentucky and Florida, with fatalities. Not long ago 30 mares in Australia were infected, causing them to abort their foals.

It’s serious stuff. Statistics don’t do this highly contagious and slippery disease justice either, because no one knows for sure just how many horses have died over the years as a direct result of it.

The people who put on the racing for the Sports and Exposition Authority will somehow muddle through what remains of the Meadowlands thoroughbred meeting. They are used to muddling. Now consider what the horsemen are going through.

Tom Swales runs the Tee-N-Jay Farm in Monroe Township, “the last full-service thoroughbred farm in Middlesex County,” he might add.

His horses are all home-bred. His trainer is Tim Hills, who’s stabled in Barn 17 on the Monmouth Park backstretch. Ten days ago it was discovered that there were some sick horses living right next door, in Barn 18.

From Canada?

Two horses shipped down from a farm in Canada had apparently brought the virus with them, although they never tested positive for the dangerous form of equine herpes, the neurological form. A horse on that farm was later found to be suffering from that deadly strain of the disease and had to be euthanized.

Meanwhile, at Monmouth, you now had horses trained by Justin Nixon, John Forbes and Bill Anderson in the same barn, Barn 18. Some of Anderson’s horses are in Barn 17. Since the people who work for Anderson take care of all his horses, there’s reason to believe the ones in Barn 17 might have been exposed as well.

What does this mean to the racetrack?

“Between them, those four trainers are good for 10 entries a day, minimum,” says Mike Dempsey, the racing secretary.

What does it mean to Tom Swales?

“I’ve got four horses who were supposed to run at the Meadowlands, and they were all sitting on wins,” he says. One would’ve been the favorite in the Garden State Handicap. Another broke his maiden by 7 lengths. The other two were primed and ready to break their maiden, he insists.

Whether his glass is half-full or not, Swales has to be feeling the effects of the quarantine. It’s simple, really: He still has to pay his bills and there’s no money coming in. Also, as he points out, “losing potential breeding awards places a tremendous economic burden on the farm.”

Other problems

There are other potential problems. Such as, what happens if the contaminated area isn’t cleared by the time Monmouth gets ready to close the backstretch, before winter comes to a place that isn’t winterized? Such as, what happens when the trainers who normally go to Florida get stuck here on account of the quarantine and lose their stalls at Gulfstream Park, or wherever?

Then there’s the other aspect of this situation, the scarier one.

If Justin Nixon hadn’t alerted his veterinarian to the problem as soon as he discovered there was one, and if the vet, Bill Keegan, hadn’t reacted as quickly as he did, there is no telling what might have happened.

“Dr. Keegan shut the gates at Monmouth four days before we had a positive come back,” says Nixon, who trains horses for Canadian businessman Frank Stronach.

“As far as I’m concerned, we were four days ahead of the curve.”

“I was just making my rounds that Sunday morning and when I got to Justin’s barn, he told me he had five horses who spiked a fever overnight,” Keegan recalls. “Horses spike fevers all the time, but typically you don’t get five in one barn, not on the same day.”

Time to act

Keegan, who looks in on roughly 250 horses for 17 or 18 trainers, got on the phone and spoke with the vet in Canada, at Stronach’s Adena Springs Farm. That’s where they had to put the horse down the week before. Soon he realized it was time to act. There were too many horror stories about this disease.

“Once this virus rears its ugly head, everyone has to take every precaution possible, in dealing with the sick horses as well as the other horses that are there,” says Lou Raffetto, the chief operating officer for the Maryland Jockey Club, another outpost of the Stronach empire.

The disease reared its ugly head in Maryland on Jan. 2, and tracks down there weren’t completely cleared to do business again until March 8.

“You’re like a leper when this happens,” Raffetto says. “No one wants to have anything to do with you. We lived that — but you can’t be too cautious.”

This must have been what Bill Keegan was thinking that Sunday morning 10 days ago when he closed down the Monmouth Park backstretch.

“Knock on wood, we’ve been lucky so far,” he says now.

“This is the kind of thing that could affect the whole Eastern Seaboard. If you had the perfect storm, it could’ve been disastrous.

“This is an easily communicable disease. It’s like someone said, “It’s only going to take one dirty hanky to spread this.’ A groom gets it on his shoe and walks from one barn to another, and that’s all it takes.”

Then Tim Hills sends a horse up to New York and Bill Anderson runs one at Philadelphia Park and John Forbes has a couple in at the Meadowlands, and next thing you know, you’ve got that perfect storm — which is why it took more than dumb luck to avert a more serious crisis.

Would any vet have done the same thing Keegan did?

“I like to believe so,” he says. “I just did my job.”

Australia were infected, causing them to abort their foals.

It’s serious stuff. Statistics don’t do this highly contagious and slippery disease justice either, because no one knows for sure just how many horses have died over the years as a direct result of it.

The people who put on the racing for the Sports and Exposition Authority will somehow muddle through what remains of the Meadowlands thoroughbred meeting. They are used to muddling. Now consider what the horsemen are going through.

Tom Swales runs the Tee-N-Jay Farm in Monroe Township, “the last full-service thoroughbred farm in Middlesex County,” he might add.

His horses are all home-bred. His trainer is Tim Hills, who’s stabled in Barn 17 on the Monmouth Park backstretch. Ten days ago it was discovered that there were some sick horses living right next door, in Barn 18.

From Canada?

Two horses shipped down from a farm in Canada had apparently brought the virus with them, although they never tested positive for the dangerous form of equine herpes, the neurological form. A horse on that farm was later found to be suffering from that deadly strain of the disease and had to be euthanized.

Meanwhile, at Monmouth, you now had horses trained by Justin Nixon, John Forbes and Bill Anderson in the same barn, Barn 18. Some of Anderson’s horses are in Barn 17. Since the people who work for Anderson take care of all his horses, there’s reason to believe the ones in Barn 17 might have been exposed as well.

What does this mean to the racetrack?

“Between them, those four trainers are good for 10 entries a day, minimum,” says Mike Dempsey, the racing secretary.

What does it mean to Tom Swales?

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“I’ve got four horses who were supposed to run at the Meadowlands, and they were all sitting on wins,” he says. One would’ve been the favorite in the Garden State Handicap. Another broke his maiden by 7 lengths. The other two were primed and ready to break their maiden, he insists.

Whether his glass is half-full or not, Swales has to be feeling the effects of the quarantine. It’s simple, really: He still has to pay his bills and there’s no money coming in. Also, as he points out, “losing potential breeding awards places a tremendous economic burden on the farm.”

Other problems

There are other potential problems. Such as, what happens if the contaminated area isn’t cleared by the time Monmouth gets ready to close the backstretch, before winter comes to a place that isn’t winterized? Such as, what happens when the trainers who normally go to Florida get stuck here on account of the quarantine and lose their stalls at Gulfstream Park, or wherever?

Then there’s the other aspect of this situation, the scarier one.

If Justin Nixon hadn’t alerted his veterinarian to the problem as soon as he discovered there was one, and if the vet, Bill Keegan, hadn’t reacted as quickly as he did, there is no telling what might have happened.

“Dr. Keegan shut the gates at Monmouth four days before we had a positive come back,” says Nixon, who trains horses for Canadian businessman Frank Stronach.

“As far as I’m concerned, we were four days ahead of the curve.”

“I was just making my rounds that Sunday morning and when I got to Justin’s barn, he told me he had five horses who spiked a fever overnight,” Keegan recalls. “Horses spike fevers all the time, but typically you don’t get five in one barn, not on the same day.”

Time to act

Keegan, who looks in on roughly 250 horses for 17 or 18 trainers, got on the phone and spoke with the vet in Canada, at Stronach’s Adena Springs Farm. That’s where they had to put the horse down the week before. Soon he realized it was time to act. There were too many horror stories about this disease.

“Once this virus rears its ugly head, everyone has to take every precaution possible, in dealing with the sick horses as well as the other horses that are there,” says Lou Raffetto, the chief operating officer for the Maryland Jockey Club, another outpost of the Stronach empire.

The disease reared its ugly head in Maryland on Jan. 2, and tracks down there weren’t completely cleared to do business again until March 8.

“You’re like a leper when this happens,” Raffetto says. “No one wants to have anything to do with you. We lived that — but you can’t be too cautious.”

This must have been what Bill Keegan was thinking that Sunday morning 10 days ago when he closed down the Monmouth Park backstretch.

“Knock on wood, we’ve been lucky so far,” he says now.

“This is the kind of thing that could affect the whole Eastern Seaboard. If you had the perfect storm, it could’ve been disastrous.

“This is an easily communicable disease. It’s like someone said, “It’s only going to take one dirty hanky to spread this.’ A groom gets it on his shoe and walks from one barn to another, and that’s all it takes.”

Then Tim Hills sends a horse up to New York and Bill Anderson runs one at Philadelphia Park and John Forbes has a couple in at the Meadowlands, and next thing you know, you’ve got that perfect storm — which is why it took more than dumb luck to avert a more serious crisis.

Would any vet have done the same thing Keegan did?

“I like to believe so,” he says. “I just did my job.”

Australia were infected, causing them to abort their foals.

It’s serious stuff. Statistics don’t do this highly contagious and slippery disease justice either, because no one knows for sure just how many horses have died over the years as a direct result of it.

The people who put on the racing for the Sports and Exposition Authority will somehow muddle through what remains of the Meadowlands thoroughbred meeting. They are used to muddling. Now consider what the horsemen are going through.

Tom Swales runs the Tee-N-Jay Farm in Monroe Township, “the last full-service thoroughbred farm in Middlesex County,” he might add.

His horses are all home-bred. His trainer is Tim Hills, who’s stabled in Barn 17 on the Monmouth Park backstretch. Ten days ago it was discovered that there were some sick horses living right next door, in Barn 18.

From Canada?

Two horses shipped down from a farm in Canada had apparently brought the virus with them, although they never tested positive for the dangerous form of equine herpes, the neurological form. A horse on that farm was later found to be suffering from that deadly strain of the disease and had to be euthanized.

Meanwhile, at Monmouth, you now had horses trained by Justin Nixon, John Forbes and Bill Anderson in the same barn, Barn 18. Some of Anderson’s horses are in Barn 17. Since the people who work for Anderson take care of all his horses, there’s reason to believe the ones in Barn 17 might have been exposed as well.

What does this mean to the racetrack?

“Between them, those four trainers are good for 10 entries a day, minimum,” says Mike Dempsey, the racing secretary.

What does it mean to Tom Swales?

“I’ve got four horses who were supposed to run at the Meadowlands, and they were all sitting on wins,” he says. One would’ve been the favorite in the Garden State Handicap. Another broke his maiden by 7 lengths. The other two were primed and ready to break their maiden, he insists.

Whether his glass is half-full or not, Swales has to be feeling the effects of the quarantine. It’s simple, really: He still has to pay his bills and there’s no money coming in. Also, as he points out, “losing potential breeding awards places a tremendous economic burden on the farm.”

Other problems

There are other potential problems. Such as, what happens if the contaminated area isn’t cleared by the time Monmouth gets ready to close the backstretch, before winter comes to a place that isn’t winterized? Such as, what happens when the trainers who normally go to Florida get stuck here on account of the quarantine and lose their stalls at Gulfstream Park, or wherever?

Then there’s the other aspect of this situation, the scarier one.

If Justin Nixon hadn’t alerted his veterinarian to the problem as soon as he discovered there was one, and if the vet, Bill Keegan, hadn’t reacted as quickly as he did, there is no telling what might have happened.

“Dr. Keegan shut the gates at Monmouth four days before we had a positive come back,” says Nixon, who trains horses for Canadian businessman Frank Stronach.

“As far as I’m concerned, we were four days ahead of the curve.”

“I was just making my rounds that Sunday morning and when I got to Justin’s barn, he told me he had five horses who spiked a fever overnight,” Keegan recalls. “Horses spike fevers all the time, but typically you don’t get five in one barn, not on the same day.”

Time to act

Keegan, who looks in on roughly 250 horses for 17 or 18 trainers, got on the phone and spoke with the vet in Canada, at Stronach’s Adena Springs Farm. That’s where they had to put the horse down the week before. Soon he realized it was time to act. There were too many horror stories about this disease.

“Once this virus rears its ugly head, everyone has to take every precaution possible, in dealing with the sick horses as well as the other horses that are there,” says Lou Raffetto, the chief operating officer for the Maryland Jockey Club, another outpost of the Stronach empire.

The disease reared its ugly head in Maryland on Jan. 2, and tracks down there weren’t completely cleared to do business again until March 8.

“You’re like a leper when this happens,” Raffetto says. “No one wants to have anything to do with you. We lived that — but you can’t be too cautious.”

This must have been what Bill Keegan was thinking that Sunday morning 10 days ago when he closed down the Monmouth Park backstretch.

“Knock on wood, we’ve been lucky so far,” he says now.

“This is the kind of thing that could affect the whole Eastern Seaboard. If you had the perfect storm, it could’ve been disastrous.

“This is an easily communicable disease. It’s like someone said, “It’s only going to take one dirty hanky to spread this.’ A groom gets it on his shoe and walks from one barn to another, and that’s all it takes.”

Then Tim Hills sends a horse up to New York and Bill Anderson runs one at Philadelphia Park and John Forbes has a couple in at the Meadowlands, and next thing you know, you’ve got that perfect storm — which is why it took more than dumb luck to avert a more serious crisis.

Posted by toshko under Herpes News | Comments (0)

Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report Highlights Recently Released Journal Articles

November 1, 2006

* “Optimizing Resource Allocation in United States AIDS Drug Assistance Programs,” Clinical Infectious Diseases: Benjamin Linas of the Harvard Center for AIDS Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and colleagues examined if AIDS Drug Assistance Programs would be more efficient if they prioritized clients based on CD4+ T cell counts rather than operating on a standard “first-come, first-served basis.” The researchers used Massachusetts ADAP administrative figures to develop a retrospective study of the state’s ADAP clients from fiscal year 2003. They compared the characteristics of patients included under CD4+ T cell count-based eligibility criteria with the first-come, first-served eligibility criteria. The study found that Massachusetts ADAP — which during FY 2003 served 3,560 clients at a cost of $10.3 million — would have served 2,253 clients using CD4+ T cell count-based model and saved $2.7 million during the same time period. Given the same budget limitations and using the first-come, first-served eligibility, Massachusetts ADAP would have served 2,406 clients. The study also found that the first-come, first-served model would have excluded patients with a median CD4+ T cell count of 659 in favor of serving patients with a median CD4+ T cell count of 257. A CD4+ T cell count-based approach also would have served 65% of nonwhite clients, compared with 55% of whites. Researchers concluded that ADAPs with limited resources will “serve more diverse populations and patients with significantly more advanced HIV disease by using CD4[+ T] cell count-based enrollment criteria rather than a first-come, first-served approach” (Linas et al., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 10/17).

* “Association of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection and Syphilis With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Peru,” Journal of Infectious Diseases: Javier Lama from the Asociacion Civil Impacta Salud y Educacion and colleagues surveyed and tested for HIV 3,280 men who have sex with men in Peru and found an HIV prevalence of 13.9% in the group, a herpes simplex virus type 2 prevalence of 46.3% and a syphilis prevalence of 13.4%. The study also found that 80.5% of MSM who tested HIV-positive also tested positive for herpes, compared with 40.8% of HIV-negative MSM who tested positive for herpes. According to the researchers, self-reported sexually transmitted infections in the prior six months; prior syphilis, genital warts or genital ulcer disease; cocaine use before or during sex; history of sex work or exchange of money for sex; oral receptive sex; proctitis, an inflamation of the rectal lining; unprotected sex; and identification as “homosexual” also were found to be “significant predictors of HIV infection.” The researchers recommend increasing condom distribution, routine STI testing and herpes treatment to curb HIV transmission among MSM in the country (Lama et al., Journal of Infectious Diseases, October 2006).

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* “HIV Infection, Antiretroviral Therapy, and CD4 + Cell Count Distributions in African Populations,” Journal of Infectious Diseases: Brian Williams of the World Health Organization’s Stop TB Department and colleagues developed a mathematical model that aimed to predict the distribution of CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-positive adults across Africa using the distribution of CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-negative adults. Working under the assumption that survival is unrelated to CD4+ T cell counts before HIV seroconversion, the researchers predicted that HIV-positive Zambians with CD4+ T cell counts of 200 would have a median life expectancy of four years, 1.7 times that of HIV-positive South Africans’ life expectancy of 2.3 years with the same CD4+ T cell count. According to researchers, the mathematical model “provides a way to estimate the changing distribution of CD4+ T cell counts and, hence, the changing incidence of HIV-related opportunistic infections as the epidemic matures.” The researchers said that the study could “substantially improve” the development of health care services, including the need and demand for antiretroviral therapy. They also wrote that clearer data are needed to assess the study model and its theories and to fully understand the variability in CD4+ T cell counts within and among various groups (Williams et al., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10/3).

* “Health Services Utilization for People With HIV Infection: Comparison of a Population Targeted for Outreach With the U.S. Population in Care,” Medical Care: William Cunningham, a professor of medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California-Los Angeles, and colleagues compared survey responses of 1,286 HIV-positive people who participated in the Targeted HIV Outreach and Intervention Initiative — conducted under the Ryan White CARE Act from 2001 through 2002 to locate “hard-to-reach” HIV-positive people in 16 sites — with the responses of 2,267 HIV-positive people who participated in the HIV Costs and Services Utilization Study — a group of HIV-positive people receiving medical care — in 1998. According to the study, 59% of the participants in the outreach group were black, compared with 32% in the HCSUS group. In addition, 20% of the participants in the outreach group were Hispanic, compared with 16% in the HCSUS group (UCLA release, 10/24). In addition, 58% of participants in the outreach group were receiving antiretroviral drugs, compared with 82% in the HCSUS group, the study found. According to the researchers, participants in the outreach group largely were racial and ethnic minorities, illicit drug users and poor, and they also had less favorable health status and health care utilization characteristics than participants in the HCSUS group. “This study provides substantial evidence that the strategies needed to improve care might differ between the populations represented by the Outreach and HCSUS samples,” the researchers wrote, concluding that in addition to factors such as insurance coverage, the study’s findings “suggest that addressing heavy alcohol use could have a substantial impact on improving utilization for hard-to-reach HIV-positive persons” (Cunningham et al., Medical Care, November 2006).

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